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~ben roberts/ systems administration for fun and profit main menu skip to content $ whoami github twitter google+ linkedin facebook $ history $ head ~/blog $ ls ~/projects sihnon wiki gentoo portage overlay sabayon entropy community repositories cisco ios switch config generator ripping cluster statusboard third year project $ man privacy policy $ whoami i currently work as a systems administrator for gsa capital , managing unix, linux and windows systems and providing it support. i rely heavily on automation and open source technologies in my daily activities. i previously worked as a network projects engineer for atos in the major projects division. my role included design and implementation of lan and wan systems in data centre environments. my last project involved working on a major internal infrastructure overhaul spanning five sites for which i produced all the physical layer design and implementation. before then, i worked for netcraft in bath, while taking a year out from my degree studies. my roles included developing and running the ssl server survey , reviewing automated vulnerability scan results, and performing occasional penetration tests against web applications for financial institutions. i am a former graudate of ecs (university of southampton), earning a first in computer science with distributed systems and networks to the masters level. in my spare time, i am a member of the sabayon linux developers group, where i help maintain the sabayon community repositories , help look after the project infrastructure, maintain the puppet-sabayon module, and dabble with package maintenance. you can contact me via [email protected] . recent posts managing volume usage in bacula posted on 2017-02-25 by ben roberts 4 overview i’ve been a user of bacula for several years now, managing a large deployment for work. in this case, by large i mean multiple petabytes of data tracked by the catalog across tens of thousands of volume files. the past few years have seen several incremental improvements that now mean for the most part the setup hums along, requiring very little maintenance. the three typical tasks that require my attention are: regular test restores (a backup is only as good as your restore process and ability to execute it) resizing pool limits as backup sizes change over time bringing additional storage arrays online when growth outstrips hardware capacity every couple of years or so. scaling a system up to these levels requires a little bit more thought on the design up front. i’ve been meaning to write up some of the things i’ve learned along the way and this will probably turn into a series of posts. this first one is about volume and pool management. executive summary don’t try to micromanage bacula’s volume usage unless you have a compelling reason to. don’t try and force volumes to have particular names based on the contents. use the catalog to tell you which volumes your data resides in. it saves you time/energy, and maximises storage efficiency. let the computer deal do the grunt work. create pools based on volume retention only for maximum storage efficiency. subdivide only based on storage medium and location. e.g. disk-30day-servera set maximum volume bytes to set a fixed upper limit on the size of volumes avoid using any other volume size limits, such as use volume once , maximum volume jobs or maximum use duration which will reduce your overall capacity set maximum pool volumes on each pool to stop any one pool from consuming all volumes the sum total of maximum pool volumes should not exceed the total number of volumes available. enable recycling (always) and auto prune (where possible) use the scratch pool and recycle pool directives to free yourself from manual rebalancing tasks consider pre-creating your volumes, and monitoring free capacity based on the number of volumes remaining in the scratch pool volumes how many and how big? this one is a balancing act with a few factors to consider. two important behaviours to note are that: bacula treats volumes as append-only until they are full. once the volumes are full, the retention period begins counting down, and space is only ever reclaimed by recycling an entire volume once the retention period has been reached. bacula tries to hold off deleting your data for as long as possible. it will always prefer to create a new volume rather than recycle and overwrite an existing one. you’ll need to to impose limits to stop bacula growing forever and running out of disk space. it will then consume all disk space and sit there, only ever freeing up space right before it’s about to be overwritten. capacity planning is easiest when disk usage is fairly stable so you can see trends and predict when you’re getting close to the limits. if you run low on disk space, having volumes that are too large will make things hard to manage. data will be kept around longer than you want, and space will be freed up later and in big chunks which will cause peaks and troughs in your usage graphs. you should be aiming to fill volumes fairly quickly after they’re first started so there isn’t a long delay before the retention interval starts counting down. keeping the volumes small enough that they’re recycled frequently and on a regular basis will help keep the disk usage more consistent. this would suggest using volumes of a fixed size, no bigger than your daily backup load, and expiring them on a regular basis. this has the side effect of meaning your capacity planning is based around the number of available volumes rather than the amount of free disk space in the filesystem. on the flip side, having volumes that are too small can cause catalog performance issues. when the current volume fills, and bacula needs to choose the next one, having lots of volumes means there are more to consider. all the time there are completely unused volumes this is a cheap operation, but once all volumes have been used finding the best one to recycle becomes a lot more expensive because bacula has to consider the age of all jobs on each volumes and work out if there are any volumes that have expired and can be reused. with large numbers of volumes (a couple of thousand), this can become a blocking operation, at least under mysql, and cause the backup system to slow down unnecessarily. because of the second behaviour listed above, bacula will fill up all volumes very quickly and therefore will run in the constant state that nearly all volumes are used all the time. i suggest you want to keep the total number of volumes in the range 200-1000 to start off with . that way you can grow 2-10x in size before having to worry about catalog performance becoming a real issue. i think it’s fairly well understood that storage requirements and hence backup requirements only ever increase over time. my users at least have an uncany ability to fill all disk space given to them and are very reluctant to spend any time and energy cleaning up after themselves. as such, while planning our backups systems we need to make sure to leave plenty of room for growth over time. i find it best to plan for growth in two ways over the lifetime of the system. spec out the initial requirements so that day 1 load is never more than 50% of the total capacity. demand for additional storage can happen very suddenly, but purchasing new hardware can take a while to action. by having plenty of spare capacity up front, this means you can double in size without having to spend any time, effort or money on the problem. this means, aim to be using only 50% of your total volumes from the beginning. it’s not that efficient to vastly overspec right from the beginning though; hardware costs always go down over time so it’ll be cheaper to buy the extra capacity you don’t need right now later on. therefore the second/third expansions should be possible just by throwing more hardware at the problem without having to re-architect the entire solution. this is typically

URL analysis for benroberts.net

https://blog.benroberts.net/2014/11/using-puppet-on-sabayon-linux/#respond
https://blog.benroberts.net/2014/11/using-puppet-on-sabayon-linux/
https://blog.benroberts.net/2014/12/zfs-on-sabayon/#respond
https://blog.benroberts.net/man/privacy-policy/
https://blog.benroberts.net/category/sysadmin/bacula/
https://blog.benroberts.net/2016/10/puppet-custom-type-validation-woes/#respond
https://blog.benroberts.net/2014/12/setting-up-hiera-eyaml-gpg/
https://blog.benroberts.net/2016/10/puppet-sabayon/
https://blog.benroberts.net/2016/01/going-paperless/#comments
https://blog.benroberts.net/ls-projects/statusboard/
https://blog.benroberts.net/resume/history/
https://blog.benroberts.net/ls-projects/third-year-project/
https://blog.benroberts.net/2014/12/setting-up-hiera-eyaml-gpg/#comments
https://blog.benroberts.net/2015/02/removing-stale-facts-from-puppetdb/#comments
https://blog.benroberts.net/2017/02/managing-volume-usage-in-bacula/#comments

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Domain Name: BENROBERTS.NET
Registry Domain ID: 1445601115_DOMAIN_NET-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.gandi.net
Registrar URL: http://www.gandi.net
Updated Date: 2017-04-22T04:21:04Z
Creation Date: 2008-04-08T10:42:20Z
Registry Expiry Date: 2019-04-08T10:42:20Z
Registrar: Gandi SAS
Registrar IANA ID: 81
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: [email protected]
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +33.170377661
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Name Server: NS1.SIHNON.NET
Name Server: NS2.SIHNON.NET
Name Server: NS5.SIHNON.NET
DNSSEC: signedDelegation
DNSSEC DS Data: 41805 7 2 64FE99775D5C20BCA87CF5FD6B0169B9C9372A09491F84A95CE794A41BD4C34F
DNSSEC DS Data: 41805 7 1 428896F7B0170048938D19F1D4092332D8A791A9
URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2017-08-29T22:01:26Z <<<

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  REGISTRAR Gandi SAS

SERVERS

  SERVER net.whois-servers.net

  ARGS domain =benroberts.net

  PORT 43

  TYPE domain

DOMAIN

  NAME benroberts.net

  CHANGED 2017-04-22

  CREATED 2008-04-08

STATUS
clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited

NSERVER

  NS1.SIHNON.NET 81.187.154.129

  NS2.SIHNON.NET 81.187.154.151

  NS5.SIHNON.NET 81.187.21.242

  REGISTERED yes

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